弗朗西斯培根英文介绍

一生追求真理的思想家，被马克思称为“英国唯物主义和整个现代实验科学的真正始祖”。他就是培根。下面小编为大家整理的弗朗西斯培根英文介绍，希望对大家有用!

弗朗西斯培根英文介绍

Francis Bacon was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, lawyer, jurist, author and pioneer of the scientific method. He served both as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England. Although his political career ended in disgrace, he remained extremely influential through his works, especially as philosophical advocate and practitioner of the scientific method during the scientific revolution.

Bacon has been called the father of empiricism. His works established and popularized inductive methodologies for scientific inquiry, often called the Baconian method, or simply the scientific method. His demand for a planned procedure of investigating all things natural marked a new turn in the rhetorical and theoretical framework for science, much of which still surrounds conceptions of proper methodology today. His dedication probably led to his death, bringing him into a rare historical group of scientists who were killed by their own experiments.

Bacon was knighted in 1603, and created both the Baron Verulam in 1618, and the Viscount St Alban in 1621; as he died without heirs both peerages became extinct upon his death. He famously died of pneumonia contracted while studying the effects of freezing on the preservation of meat.

培根尖锐地批判了中世纪经院哲学，认为经院哲学和神学严重地阻碍了科学的进步，主张要全面改造人类的知识，使整个学术文化从经院哲学中解放出来，实现伟大的复兴。他认为，科学必须追求自然界事物的原因和规律。要达到这个目的，就必须以感官经验为依据。他提出了唯物主义经验论的原则，认为知识和观念起源于感性世界，感觉经验是一切知识的源泉。要获得自然的科学知识，就必须把认识建筑在感觉经验的基础上。他还提出了经验归纳法，主张以实验和观察材料为基础，经过分析、比较、选择、排除，最后得出正确的结论。

培根一生在学问上成就很大，然而作为政客他饱尝了仕途艰辛。做女王掌玺大臣的父亲去世后，他一直未得到女王的重用。直到詹姆斯一世当政，他才逐渐得到升迁，先后担任过法院院长、检察长、掌玺大臣等，还被封男爵、子爵等贵族尊号。然而，后来他又被免除了一切官职。成为平民之后，培根将全部的精力投入到学问研究中，他最终成为中世纪英国著名的唯物主义哲学创始者。1626年4月培根离开了人世。