雅思阅读长难句解析

雅思阅读长难句解析。在雅思阅读考试中，有些考生一看到长句子就很头疼。其实不管再长的句子，只要你能够找出骨架，层层分析，也没那么可怕。下面是小编整理的雅思阅读长难句解析，希望能帮到你!

长难句简析全攻略

雅思阅读考试的部分，在一个小时的时间里要求众多烤鸭们完成三篇800—1200词的文章阅读和题目解答，对于很多人来说，这个时间是不够进行完全阅读的。要最有效率地善用时间，拿到自己满意的分数，我们可以从两个方面入手：一方面是技巧，知道如何依据题目给出的指向，去文章的什么地方寻找答案;另一方面则是硬碰硬的速读能力，很快地扫描全文，然后挑拣出有用信息所在的句子。

从长远角度来看，后者对于各位鸭鸭们更为重要，毕竟考到了满意的分数只是开始而非结束，去了自己心仪的学校以后还是要接受铺天盖地的英语材料轰炸。特别是对于准备时间比较充分因此相对从容的同学，不如就从雅思备考的这个阶段开始准备吧。

英语的句式结构其实很简单：主谓宾和主系表。主谓宾是“谁—干—什么”，比如“羊吃草”。“洁白可爱的小绵羊蹦蹦跳跳欢快活泼地在一望无垠的广阔草原上幸福愉快地吃着鲜嫩碧绿的青草”一样也是主谓宾，只不过修饰成分多了些、显得唐僧了些而已。主系表是“谁—是—什么”，复杂版本参考同上。要很快地理解这样的句子，我们就要学会迅速地抓出句子的主干—也就是“羊吃草”的部分，至于其它的修饰部分可以先不过大脑。

如果主干显示本句子中包含了解题信息的话，此时再去细细查看题目要问的细节信息也不迟。这样的抓主干技巧一旦熟练，要有充分的时间通读三篇文章、保证不遗漏任何信息地做题，也不是什么不可完成的任务了。特别是对于那些原本语言功底就不错、希望能以阅读这一项的得分再提高一下总成绩的同学来说，这是真正的终极技巧，要达到保8望9也是很有希望的哦。

针对两种句式结构的抓主干方法，简单说来如下：

化繁为简看懂句子

主谓宾结构：寻找谓语动词

主系表结构：寻找系动词

也就是说，无论哪种句式，我们都要在心里默念寻找动词这个原则，以模糊匹配的方式来对应最有意义的那个动词，进而确认动词之前的主语和动词之后的宾语或表语。

一个句子之所以能够拉长，除了在一个简单句中加上许多修饰成分之外，还有可能是长出了枝干—也就是加了从句，或者是由连词和平衡结构把若干简单句合并在了一起。雅思长难句最频繁出现的情况包括如下几种：

定语从句：that， which(介词+which)， who，…

状语从句：v+ing

寻找平衡结构：三大连词 and/or/but，

not only…but also…

not…but…

no more/longer/less …than

as…as

not so …as… 。 . 。

还有一种特殊主系表值得单独说一说：

There be句型：寻找中心词外语!教育网www.for68.com

这个句型之所以特殊，是因为系动词和表语都已经以倒装的形式给出来了，欠缺的只是一个主语中心词而已，因此我们看到了there be开头的句子，一定先集中精力寻找到那个中心点。此外，这个句子是一些同学在雅思作文考场上易犯错误的地方。在时间紧迫的压力下，可能会有同学不自觉地受到了中文思维的影响，写出诸如“There are many people do something.”此类的句子，如果在模拟考试的时候发现自己曾经犯过这类笔误，建议大家在考场上给自己留出1、2分钟的检查时间来。检查方法也很简单，把there be两个词遮住，如果剩下的部分还能读出一个完整的句子来，则原本的句子必定是有问题的，可以迅速把there be这两个词擦掉。

除了be动词外，还有一些there be形式的变体：

There come/comes/came

There appear/appears/appeared

There emerge/emerges/emerged

There may/might be

There can/could be

There happen to be

There used to be

There is/are going to be

其中后两个句子中说到的情况一定是不存于当下的，在判断题(TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN)中容易被揪出来做文章，出题思路是细节不一致的类型，答案多为FALSE。

结合课堂讲解的部分，有时间的同学可以练习一下快速理解以下这些来自剑桥考题当中的长难句：

1. There are examples of languages that have survived in written form and then been revived by later generations. (4A0201)

2. In New Zealand， classes for children have slowed the erosion of Maori and rekindled interest in the language. (4A0201)

3. The former US policy of running Indian reservations schools in English， for example， effectively put languages such as Navajo on the danger list. (4A0201)

4. It is not necessarily these small languages that are about to disappear. (4A0201)

5. However， it wasn’t until the discovery of the reaction principle， which was the key to space travel and so represents one of the great milestones in the history of scientific thought， that rocket technology was able to develop. (3A0101)

6. What makes a language endangered is not just the number of speakers， but how old they are. (4A0201)

7. In the Native American Navajo nation， which sprawls across four states in the American south-west， the native language is dying.(4A0201)

8. The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned， so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way， is not a new one. (4A0403)

9. Every health system in an economically developed society is faced with the need to decide (either formally or informally) what proportion of the community’s total resources should be spent on health-care; how resources are to be apportioned; what diseases and diabilities and which forms of treatment are to be given priority; which members of the community are to be given special consideration in respect of their health needs; and which forms of treatment are the most cost-effective. (4A0403)

10. People are not in a position to exercise personal liberty and to be self-determining if they are poverty-stricken， or deprived of basic education， or do not live within a context of law and order. (4A0403)

11. The spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the disappearance of old varieties of food plants which might have provided some insurance against pests or diseases in future. (3A0202)

12. Animals at play often use unique signs—tail-wagging in dogs， for example—to indicate that activity superficially resembling adult behaviour is not really in earnest. (4A0203)

13. A few years ago， in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology， Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a “leader” in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform. (5A0102)

14. How can we possily account for this vast discrepancy between what calm， rational， knowledgeable people predict in the comfort of their study and what pressured， flustered， but cooperative “teachers” actually do in the laboratory of real life? (5A0102)

15. A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait， having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the caves， ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways. (5A0102)

16. Breeding seasons in animals such as birds have evolved to occupy the part of the year in which offspring have the greatest chances of survival. (5A0403)

17. This is the process by which plants use energy from the sun to convert carbon from soil or water into organic material for growth.(5A0403)

18. Recently， however， it has been experiencing something of a renaissance， with renewed demand for original Bakelite objects in the collectors’ marketplace， and museums， societies and dedicated individuals once again appreciating the style and originality of this innovative material. (5A0201)

19. The fact that children’s ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them. (4A0101)

20. These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted， but organised， conceptual framework， making it and the component ideas， some of which are erroneous， more robust but also accessible to modification. (4A0101)

21. Never before has the planet‘s linguistic diversity shrunk at such a pace. (4A0201)

22. Not only did it solve a problem that had intrigued man for ages， but， more importantly， it literally opened the door to exploration of the universe. (3A0101)

23. Life itself was a perpetual and punishing search for food： some families grew manioc and other starchy crops in small garden plots cleared from the forest， while other members of the tribe scoured the country for small game and promising fish holes. (3A0302)

24. There is clear-cut evidence that， for a period of at least one year， supervision which increases the direct pressure for productivity can achieve significant increases in production. However， such short-term increases are obtained only at a substantial and serious cost to the organisation. (3A0403)

25. Of growing interest is the way in which much of what we might see as diaposable is， elsewhere， recycled and reused. (3A0301)

26. These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted， but organised， conceptual framework， making it and the component ideas， some of which are erroneous， more robust but also accessible to modification. (4A0101)

27. The explosion in demand for accommodation in the inner suburbs of Melbourne suggests a recent change in many people’s preferences as to where they live.

28. Take the exercise theory.

雅思阅读长难句轻松一波带走

一. 了解英语里的句子类型

英语句子的基本类型有简单句、并列句和复合句。

简单句：句子中只有一套主谓结构的叫简单句。

比如(剑桥5，Wilderness tourism operates throughout the year in fragile areas. )

这句话中只有一套主谓结构，主语是wilderness toursim，谓语动词是operates。

并列句： 句子中有两套或者两套以上主谓结构，并且这些主谓结构之间属于并列关系。

比如 (剑桥7， The disastrous Hanshin earthquake in 1995 killed 6,400 people, toppled elevated highways, flattened office blocks and devastated the port area of Kobe. )

这句话中有4套主谓结构，分别是Hanshin earthquake killed, Hanshin earthquake toppled, Hanshin earthquake flattened and Hanshin earthquake devastated。因为这4个谓语动词共用一个主语Hanshin earthquake,所以作者在写这个句子的时候只让Hanshin earthquake出现一次。

复合句： 其实也就是通常说的主从句结构。这样的句子里有两套或两套以上主谓结构，并且这些主谓结构之间属于从属关系。剑桥阅读的阅读中有太多这样的例子。

比如 (剑桥7， Japanese scholars have been mystified for ages about why these tall, slender buildings are so stable. )

这句话中有2套主谓结构，一个是主句中的Japanese scholars have been mystified, 另外一个是由why引导的宾语从句中的buildings are so stable. 宾语从句中的主谓结构从属于主语，因为它是作为整个句子的宾语部分而存在。

二、了解让句子变长的原因

相信很多学生对此有同感：阅读文章里的长句读着读着就迷失了，读了结尾就不知道开头在哪了。 而写作文时要秀一下长句却往往心有意而力不足。接着我们就来看看是什么让英语句子变长了?真的总是如学生抱怨的那样，太多从句了吗?

比如：(剑桥7， Yet in 826, with only pegs and wedges to keep his wooden structure upright, the master builder Kobodaishi had no hesitation in sending his majestic Toji pagoda soaring fifty-five metres into the sky-nearly half as high as the Kasumigaseki skyscraper built some eleven centuries later.)

这个句子虽然看似很长，但其实是一个简单句。 主语是the master builder Kobodaishi，谓语和宾语是had no hesitation in doing sth, 所以主干意思就是Kobodaishi建筑大师毫不犹豫去做了某件事情。至于yet in 826这是一个时间状语, with only pegs and wedges to keep his wooden structure upright 这也是with引导的一个伴随状语，nearly half as high as the Kasumigaseki skyscraper built some eleven centuries later这个补语，用来补充说明fifty-five metres into the sky究竟是有多高。由这个例子，我们可以得出一些附属句子成分像状语和补语会让句子变长。

再来看一个句子，比如(剑桥5，Much attention has focused on erosion along major trails, but perhaps more important are the deforestation and impacts on water supplies arising from the need to provide tourists with cooked food and hot showers. )

这个句子里有2套主谓结构，一个是 attention has focused on, 另外一个是 more important are deforestation and impacts 并且这2套主谓结构由but相连，属于一个并列句。对剩下成分进行分析，我们发现，erosion后面有个短语along major trails, 这个是用来修饰限定erosion的，即主要步道沿路的侵蚀，impacts on water supply后面也有一个修饰成分arising from the need to provide tourists with cooked food and hot showers. 因为需要给游客提供熟食和热水澡而引发的对水供给造成的影响。

简而言之，讲到长句，学生们不需要直接把它们与从句等同起来。句子变长，还有一部分原因是因为句子中嵌入了很多附属成分比如说状语，定语和补语。我们可以利用这个规律，在读长句时有意识地先把这些附属成分先略去不看，先把主干(即主谓)找出来，那我们对句子的理解肯定也能做到八九不离十了。

三、了解一些不常见的句子结构

一些有着特殊结构的句子也成了阅读中的拦路虎。

1. 强调句

比如：(剑桥7，It was only thirty years ago that the building industry felt confident enough to erect office blocks of steel and reinforced concrete that had more than a dozen floors.)

理解强调句的时候可以先将其还原成正常语序的句子，便于理解。 The building industry felt confident enough to erect office blocks of steel and reinforced concrete that had more than a dozen floors only thirty years ago. 建筑行业才开始有信心去建立办公大楼，办公大楼是钢筋混凝土结构，办公大楼超过12层，尽仅仅30年前。重新组合一下这些短句的顺序，就变成建筑行业是从30年前才开始有信心建造超过12层楼高的钢筋混凝土结构的办公大楼。

2. 倒装句

比如：(Down came the “white only” notices in buses, hotels, trains, restaurants, sporting events, rest rooms and on park benches that once could be found everywhere throughout the South.)

这句话因为把down放句首了，用了倒装的结构，正常顺序应该是the “white only” notices came down in buses, hotels, trains, restaurants, sporting events, rest rooms and on park benches that once could be found everywhere throughout the South. ‘in buses, hotels, trains, restaurants, sporting events, rest rooms and on park benches’这个介词短语作为后置定语修饰notices。介词短语后面还有一个that引导的定语从句修饰notices。对倒装完成没有概念的同学看到这句话后说不定还会觉得这个句子写错了。

3. the more..., the more... 句型, 翻译成越...，越...

比如：(剑桥6，In fact, Newman believes the main reason for adopting one sort of transport over another is politics: ‘ The more democratic the process, the more public transport is favored.’)

事实上，Newman认为采取偏向采用某种交通工具的主要原因是政治：“过程越民主，公共交通就越受欢迎。”)

4. 宾语+宾补

比如：(剑桥7，Food production has kept pace with soaring population mainly because of the expansion of artificial irrigation systems that make possible the growth of 40% of the world’s food.)

主干是food production has kept pace with soaring population 粮食生产跟上了人口飙升的步伐，后面跟了一个because of artificial irrigation短语作原因状语，并且在irrigation systems后面还跟了一个定语从句that make possible the growth of 40% of the world’s food 来修饰irrigation systems。在这个定语从句里， make possible the growth of 40% of the world’s food这个就是宾语加宾语补足语的结构，the growth of 40% of the world’s food 是宾语，possible是补充说明宾语的结果，合起来就是make the growth of 40% of the world’s food possible。但是为了不让只有一个单词possible作补语看起来太单薄，就将它和he growth of 40% of the world’s food换了位置。但是学生在读句子的时候，应该要自动帮它们还原。

总结：

总的来说，考生们很习惯地把阅读中的理解障碍归因于词汇量不够，但是如果对句子结构不熟练的话，一样会存在阅读困难，因为学生往往发现无法将每个词的意思窜连成意思合理的句子。本文尝试将雅思长难句中经常出现的难点给学生作了一个总结，首先学生需要了解英语句子的基本句子结构，在分析长句时，把主谓结构都先找出来，分清楚哪些是主句主谓结构，哪些是从句主谓结构，了解从句的功能。其次，不要受一些附属结构的影响，像是定语、状语、补语，这些成分可以在分析完主谓结构后再加入进去理解。最后，要注意一些特殊句型，特殊句型的数量并不多，平时的备考中不需要花很多时间就可以学习完。考生们在备考雅思阅读时，应该要重视句子分析的能力，当这种能力变成一种习惯的时候，长句就不再会是阅读拦路虎了。

雅思阅读长难句重点信息找寻法则

每当这时，大部分备考雅思的同学就会眉头紧锁好几分钟，他们觉得看不懂句子的意思，就不知道句子中哪些是答案，最后只能草草收尾再匆忙转战下一个题目。大家也都知道，整个雅思阅读考试中，一个题目(包括看题;划关键词;文中定位以及填抄答题纸)所用的时间只有1.5分钟，而如果读雅思文章就用了好几道题的时间就会非常不值。因此，如何能快速找准长难句中的关键信息，把句子缩短是本文讨论的内容。

1 雅思阅读技巧--借用文中的"特殊符号"

雅思阅读中经常出现的特殊符号有破折号;引号;冒号;括号。其中大多情况下两个破折号或两个逗号中间所夹杂的文字信息叫做"插入成分";插入成分就是解释说明前面的信息。此外，冒号后面的内容也是起解释说明的作用。如何利用这些特殊符号请看以下的例子：

雅思剑桥真题4(以下简称剑4)上72页C段第二小段第一句话为：Sometimes it is slow： vast bubbles of magma- molten rock from the mantle - inch towards the surface， cooling slowly， toshow through as granite extrusions (as on Skye， or the Great Whin Sill， the lavadyke squeezed out like toothpaste that carries part of Hadrian's Wall innorthern England). 很多学生一看到文中出现了magma;mantle以及granite等词就开始有些晕。其实如果大家可以看到 "it isslow"后面出现了特殊符号"冒号"，那直接看冒号后面的信息就好了;而下文又出现了两个破折号解释前面。如此一来，"vast bubbles ofmagma"这4个词就成了这句话的重点内容了。

2 雅思阅读技巧--连词来搜索关键信息

大家读到的阅读文章中充满着大量的逻辑关系，比如递进关系，转折关系或比较关系。其中大多数转折连词(but; however;nevertheless等)后面接续的都是重点，那么我们该如何利用这些连接词呢?请看下面的一个例子：

剑9上97页A段第六行有一句话是这样的：Museums used to look - and some still do - much likestorage rooms of objects packed together in showcases： good for scholars whowanted to study the subtle differences in design， but not for the ordinaryvisitor， to whom it all looked alike.这句话一共有42个单词，那么大的信息量到底哪些是重点呢?借用上文说到的特殊符号冒号后面是关键信息这一说法，"showcases"后面出现了冒号，那么冒号前面的文字都可以不用看了。如果再往下读，一个"but"转折连词就会出现在我们面前，而"towhom it all looked alike"是一个非限定性定语从句，即使去掉，主句的意思和逻辑关系也不受影响。这样一来，这句话最关键的信息就成了：butnot for the ordinary visitor这6个单词了。

3 雅思阅读技巧--使用宾语从句知识

如果一个句子中出现show;suggest;display;illustrate;indicate等意思为"表明"或"展示"的谓语动词的时候，它们后面都可以接宾语从句，而这些宾语从句大多数都比较重要。如此一来，大家就不用太去纠结主句该怎么翻译了，而在考试的时候也没有那么多时间去逐字翻译。

例如：剑桥雅思6的94页D段倒数第二句话：In Norway， after an intervention campaign wasintroduced nationally， an evaluation of forty-two schools suggested that， over atwo-year period， bullying was halved.这句话虽然有一堆逗号，但是大家可以一点点往后推：跳过InNorway这两个词，再跳过after引导的状语从句，就会发现后面出现"…suggestthat…"宾语从句，即后面是重点信息。"over a two-yearperiod"这个时间段不是重点，因此也可以直接跳过，然后大家会发现这句话就只剩下了"bullying was halved"这3个词了。

写作长难句分享

雅思写作长难句1.生活类话题：

I strongly approve of the idea that in the modern society, we have feweropportunities to intercommunicate with the members of our family.

译文：我强烈同意此观点：在现代社会里，我们和家庭成员沟通的机会已经越来越少了。

(使用I strongly approve of the idea that 这样的同位语从句可以表达自己对于某观点的倾向性赞同)

雅思写作长难句2. 社会类中男女性别类话题：

Although women are widely regarded as the disadvantaged groups in thesociety, they possess the disposition to compromise and are inclined to solveproblems through peaceful means.

译文：虽然女性总是被广泛地认作是社会中的弱势群体，但是她们具有妥协的天性并且更加倾向于通过和平手段解决问题。

(使用Although在句首，可以引导较常见的让步状语从句，这是写作中不可多得的表示转折关系的好机会，但Although切记不要和but连用在一个句子里)

雅思写作长难句3. 社会类话题中的城乡差距角度话题：

One of the most significant reasons why the gap of living in urban areasand the villages is becoming increasingly wider is the lack of publicinfrastructure in the countryside.

译文：城乡生活的差距如今变得越来越大的最重要原因之一便是：在乡村里，对基础设施和资源的投入总是远远不及对于城市的投入。

(使用one of the most significant reasonswhy这一经典定语从句，可以在作文中描述事件发生的重要原因之一是什么)