雅思剑4阅读

雅思剑4阅读。今天小编为大家总结剑桥雅思系列--剑四test2中出现的同义词替换，希望能帮到你!

雅思剑4阅读解析

TEST 1 Passage one

一.主要内容：

这篇文章讲的主要是一个study，a study about children’s scientific knowledge and attitudes to rain forests(主题句，第四段第一句) 开展这个study的主要原因是children harbor misconceptions about pure, curriculum science. And these ideas may be developed by children absorbing ideas through the popular media.(见第二段)。并且little formal information is available about children’ ideas in this area(见第三段后半段)

大概介绍了这个study的背景和目的之后，文章就开始涉及五个open-form questions(敞开式)。

第一个问题是要学生介绍rainforest(第四段);第二个问题是关于热带雨林的地理分布(第四段);第三个关于热带雨林的重要性(第五段);第四个关于热带雨林被破坏的原因(第六段);最后一个问题是有关保护热带雨林的重要性(第八段)。

Study的结果证明了孩子对热带雨林有误解，并且提出了environmental education对孩子的重要性。

二.习题解析

(一)True or false not given的判断标准：

1.true: 文章内完全有的; 可以推断的

2.false：和文章内容完全相反;或是和文章内容不一致

3.not given：从文章中找不到;也推断不出来

(二)解析passage one中此类题

1. The plight of rainforests has largely been ignored by the media.(媒体在很大程度上忽视了热带雨林所面临的困境)

这题一看就知道去开头找答案，因为只有开头提到了media，第一处是第一段中间：in the face of the frequent and often vivid media coverage, it is likely that children will have formed ideas about rainforests.第二处是第二段中间 these ideas may be developed by children absorbing ideas through popular media.从这两处就可以得出media对这个事情还是非常关注的，并没有忽视。答案应该为false。

2. Children only accept opinions on rainforests that they encounter in their classroom.(孩子们只接受在课堂内所学的关于热带雨林的知识)

这个一看又知道在开头找答案。看第一段中间in the face of the frequent and often vivid media coverage, it is likely that children will have formed ideas about rainforests…….-independent of any formal tuition. 从这里就可以看出不仅仅是课堂知识对孩子有影响，媒体的覆盖也使孩子形成错误认识。答案应该为false。

3.It has been suggested that children hold mistaken views about the “ pure” science

that they study at school.(从文中我们可以看出孩子们对他们在课堂内学到的科学持有错误认识)

这题还是在讲孩子们错误观点的问题，还是涉及到课堂，所以应该在开头找。从第二段第一句“many studies have shown that children harbor misconceptions about “pure”, curriculum science”,这里两个关键的词，misconceptions是表示错误观点，curriculum表示课内的，因此可以判断这句话是对的，true。

4.The fact that children’s ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to changes them.(孩子们对科学的认识构成了一个大 的体系，意味着这很容易改变这种认识)

这看起来有点难下结论，但是通过做以上三题，来来回回看前面几段，应该不难发现framework这个词，在第二段第二句。These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organized, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification. 句中有些词不懂不碍事，只要能把关键的几个词看明白，其中accessible to modification就表示这种观点可以改变。因此这道题是true。

5.The study involved asking children a number of yes/no questions such as‘Are there any rainforests in Africa?’(该调查中问了孩子一系列“是或不是”的问题，如：在非洲有热带雨林吗?)

这个问题一看就知道要到中间部分找，是关于提问的五个问题的，那么可以看到第四段第二句：secondary school children were asked to complete a questionnaire containing five open-form questions. 看到open-form，就可以知道不是yes/no questions了，答案应该为false。

如果还不放心，那么纵观全文，五个问题分别如下：第一个问题是要学生介绍rainforest(第四段);第二个问题是关于热带雨林的地理分布(第四段);第三个关于热带雨林的重要性(第五段);第四个关于热带雨林被破坏的原因(第六段);最后一个问题是有关保护热带雨林的重要性(第八段)。都是敞开式问题，也不是yes/no questions。

6. Girls are more likely to hold mistaken views about the rainforests’ destruction.(女孩比男孩更可能对热带雨林破坏持有错误观点)

这道题目我们就要看girls和boys了，用scanning，发现两处提到girls和boys，一. more girls(70%) than boys(60%) raised the idea of rainforests as animal habitats.说的是认为热带雨林是动物栖息所的女孩比男孩多，与题干不符。

二.More girls(13%) than boys(5%) said rainforests provided human habitats.说的是认为热带雨林是人类居所的女孩比男孩多，与题干也不符。因此，这属于文中找不到，也推断不出来，选择not given。

7.The study reported here follows on from a series of studies that have looked at children’s understanding of rainforests. (该调查开展后，又开展了一系列有关孩子对热带雨林认识的研究)

这就看到了后面，最后一段中间：One encouragement is that the results of similar studies about other environmental issues suggest that older children seem to acquire the ability to appreciate, value and evaluate the conflicting views. 不管其研究的结果如何，similar studies是开展了，答案为true

8.A second study has been planned to investigate primary school children’s ideas about rainforests.(接下来即将开展一个调查关于小学生对热带雨林的认识)

这题应该着重找primary school children，或者是相关的词，并且位置应该在文章结尾处，可是纵观全文也没有发现这词，就是没有提到。答案应该为not given。

(三)Questions 9-13

其实做完了以上的题目，整篇文章的内容都应该有所了解，这9-13题的答案就是到其中问卷调查的五个问题中去找，推敲一下答案 就都出来了。

(四)Questions 14

这题要找title，其实就是要main idea，那么在对文章有所了解的基础上选答案

A，讲了在science curriculum内发展一个关于环境方面的study，文章显然不是在science curriculum内，为错

B， 孩子们对热带雨林的认识，以及对课程设计提供了线索。这个一看就和文章很贴近，前半句是study的内容，后半句是study的目的，再看一下后面的比较保险

C，孩子们在热带雨林这个问题上被媒体的误导程度。那也只是在开头提到了，后面压根就没有涉及到，是错的

D，如何收集，编写，描述中学生的观点。与文章内容明显不符合

E， 热带雨林的重要性以及被破坏的原因。这只是文中study包含的两个问题，不涵盖全部内容

比较一下，B是最适合的答案

雅思剑4阅读同义词转换

Cambridge 4 TEST 2

1. initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your owninitiative=under your own steam=to be the person who startssomething=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.

2. increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.

3. teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.

4. more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.

5. determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.

6. young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.

7. community=all the people in a particular area, city, countryetc.群体，团体，社区n.

8. traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.

9. fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be afailure=go wrong=not work=do no good=fall through失败v.

10. endanger=to put someone or something in danger of beinghurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.

11. diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.

12. inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.

13. differ from=unusual与…不同v.

14. reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to dosomething=conservative勉强的adj.

15. consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.

16. alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个

17. therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form oftreatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.

18. retrain=taking courses再教育v.

19. salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.

20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.

21. complaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.

22. illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病 n.

23. connection=relationship=link=correlation联系 n.

24. beneficial=be good for you/ do somebodygood=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的 adj.

25. insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解 n.

26. physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的 adj.

27. hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.

28. accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随

29. mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的adj.

30. possible=possibility=can=potential=there is achance/possibility可能的adj.

31. reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少 n.

32. class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.

33. rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习 n.

34. peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who havethe same type of job, social class etc同伴 n.

35. defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something againstattack 防御n.

36. strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.

37. assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助 v.

38. specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go intomore=greater detail=be more specific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.

39. substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质 n.

40. surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境 n.

41. engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.

42. combine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.

43. survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.

雅思剑4阅读长难句分析

1. The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated orapportioned, so that they are distributed in the most just and efficient way, isnot a new one.(剑4, test4 passage 3)

分析：本句的主句为“The problem is not a new one”;“how health-care resources shouldbe allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in the most just andefficient way”为how引导的宾语从句，做of的宾语;“so that they are distributed in the most justand efficient way”为so that引导的目的状语从句。

2. What is new is that, from the 1950s onwards, there have been certaingeneral changes in outlook about the finitude of resources as a whole and ofhealth-care resources in particular, as well as more specific changes regardingthe clientele of health-care resources and the cost to the community of thoseresources. (剑4, test4 passage 3)

分析：本句的主句为“What is new is that…”;“that, from the 1950s onwards, there havebeen certain general changes in outlook about the finitude of resources as awhole and of health-care resources in particular, as well as more specificchanges regarding the clientele of health-care resources and the cost to thecommunity of those resources.”为that引导的表语从句;“regarding the clientele ofhealth-care resources and the cost to the community of thoseresources”为现在分词短语做定语。

3. Thus, in the 1950s and 1960s, there emerged an awareness in Westernsocieties that resources for the provision of fossil fuel energy were finite andexhaustible and that the capacity of nature or the environment to sustaineconomic development and population was also finite. (剑4, test4 passage 3)

分析：本句较长，主句为“there emerged an awareness in Western societies”;“thatresources for the provision of fossil fuel energy were finite andexhaustible”和“that the capacity of nature or the environment to sustain economicdevelopment and population was alsofinite”为and连接的并列从句，都是that引导的同位语从句，做awareness的同位语。

4. Looking back, it now seems quite incredible that in the national healthsystems that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the1939-45 World War, it was assumed without question that all the basic healthneeds of any community could be satisfied, at least in principle; the ‘invisiblehand’ of economic progress would provide. (剑4, test4 passage 3)

分析：本句为分号连接的两个分句，第一个分句较长，其主句为“it now seems quite incredible that…inprinciple”其中it为形式主语，that引导主语从句;“that emerged in many countries in the yearsimmediately after the 1939-45 World War”为定语从句，作national healthsystem的定语，关系词为that;在that引导的主语从句中，“that all the basic health needs of anycommunity could be satisfied, at least inprinciple”为that引导的主语从句，it做形式主语。第二个分句为简单句。

5. Although the language of ‘rights’ sometimes leads to confusion, by thelate 1970s it was recognized in most societies that people have a right tohealth-care( though there has been considerable resistance in the United Statesto the idea that there is a formal right to health-care). (剑4, test4 passage3)

分析：本句的主句为“it was recognized in most societies that people have a right tohealth-care ”，其中it为形式主语，“that people have a right tohealth-care”为that引导的主语从句;“Although the language of ‘rights’ sometimes leads toconfusion”为although引导的让步状语;括号部分为附加/补充的信息，为though引导的让步状语从句，在此从句中，“that there is aformal right to health-care”为that引导的同位语从句，做idea的同位语。

6. It is also accepted that this right generates an obligation or duty forthe state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of thepublic purse. (剑4, test4 passage 3)

分析：本句中“that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state toensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the publicpurse”为that引导的主语从句，it做形式主语;和“that adequate health-care resources are providedout of the public purse”为that引导的宾语从句，做ensure的宾语。

7. Just at the time when it became obvious that health-care resources couldnot possibly meet the demands being made upon them, people were demanding thattheir fundamental right to health-care be satisfied by the state. (剑4, test4passage 3)

分析：本句主句为“people were demanding that their fundamental right to health-carebe satisfied by the state.”“Just at the time when it became obvious thathealth-care resources could not possibly meet the demands being made uponthem”为时间状语，其中“when it became obvious that health-care resources could notpossibly meet the demands being made upon them”为定语从句，做the time的定语，关系词为when;“thattheir fundamental right to health-care be satisfied by thestate”为that引导的宾语从句，做demand的宾语。

8. The second set of more specific changes that have led to the presentconcern about the distribution of health-care resources stems from the dramaticrise in health costs in most OECD countries, accompanied by large-scaledemographic and social changes which have meant, to take one example, thatelderly people are now major (and relatively very expensive) consumers ofhealth-care resources. (剑4, test4 passage 3)

分析：本句主句为“The second set of more specific changes stems from the dramaticrise in health costs in most OECD countries”;“that have led to the presentconcern about the distribution of health-careresources.”为定语从句，做changes的定语，关系词为that;“accompanied by large-scale demographicand social changes which have meant, to take one example, that elderly peopleare now major (and relatively very expensive) consumers of health-careresources.”为过去分词短语做状语，其中“which have meant, to take one example, that elderlypeople are now major (and relatively very expensive) consumers of health-careresources.”为定语从句，做changes的定语，关系词为which,“that elderly people are now major (andrelatively very expensive) consumers of health-careresources.”为that引导的宾语从句，做mean的宾语。

9. Beginning as something unusual in a handful of big cities—New York,London, Paris and Berlin—the new medium quickly found its way across the world,attracting larger and larger audiences wherever it was shown and replacing otherforms of entertainment as it did so. (剑4, General Training Test A passage 3)

分析：本句的主句为“the new medium quickly found its way across the world”;“Beginningas something unusual in a handful of big cities—New York, London, Paris andBerlin”现在分词短语做状语;“attracting larger and larger audiences wherever it was shownand replacing other forms of entertainment as it did so”两个并列的分词短语做状语，其中“whereverit was shown”wherever引导的为地点状语，“as it did so”为as引导的状语从句。

雅思剑4阅读test1同义词转换

Cambridge 4 TEST 1

1. ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not takeany notice忽略，无视 v.

2. encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.

3. mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.

4. easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.

5. change=modify(modification) 改变v.

6. destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.

7. investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.

8. where=geographical location 表地点

9. important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.

10. reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.

11. protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.

12. newspapers, television=media媒体n.

13. where to live=habitat居住地n.

14. get warmer=global warming变暖n.

15. contribute to=play a part有助于v.

16. survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.

17. curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.

18. link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.

19. underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.

20. poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.

21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj.

22. mating=courtship交配.

23. follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.

24. good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力

25. best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.

26. surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be takenaback=startled感到惊讶的adj.

27. volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.

28. similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.

29. blind=can not see瞎的adj.