雅思语法基础

雅思对语法的要求?语法是雅思中比较重要的一个技巧，下面是小编整理的雅思对语法的要求，希望能帮到你!

雅思对语法的要求一

雅思语法使用误区一、such as与for example的混用

我们知道，在表示举例子的时候，such as与like是完全等同的，如：Wild flowers such as/like orchids and primroses are becoming rare。

但是同学们对于Such as、for example 的把握还是不够准确。我们都知道，后者接句子前者接词语表示举例子。于是就有了下面的写法：

There is a similar word in many languages， such as in French and Italian。

这里的such as改为for example为好，因为“in French and Italian”其实是“there is a similar word in French and Italian”的简化，所以要用for example来引出例证。再来看几个类似的例子：

It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects， for example physics。

雅思语法使用误区二、assume 及claim 使用不够准确

我们知道， think，assume，claim是议论文中常用引出观点的动词。在实际作文中，同学们往往认为几个词的意思是一样的，完全可以代换，所以拿过来就用。甚至还有同学把consider也拿过来与之混用。我们首先还是从定义来看这几个词的不同：

Think： to have opinion or belief about sth。

翻译为“认为”，通常接宾语从句来表达比较确定的观点。

Assume： to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it。

翻译为“假设、假定”，是否有事实依据是不确定的。

Claim： to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it。

翻译为“声称”，用这个词往往意味着不赞同紧跟其后的观点，所以很少用作‘I claim that…

Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer， but in fact， …。

所以‘It is claimed that’通常翻译为“有报道称。。。”。和‘it is reported that ’的区别在于后者翻译为“据报道”，往往代表着作者赞同报告的内容，

Consider： to think about sth carefully， especially in order to make a decision

翻译为“考虑”，一般不用作引出观点，看个例子：

We are considering buying a new car。

所以，千万不要在雅思大作文的第一段(观点表达段)就因为用词把握不准而导致对整篇文章的低分印象。

雅思语法使用误区三、介词使用错误

普通介词的误用

一般表现为固定搭配错误，如常把provide sb with sth用成provide sb sth; be satisfied with用成be satisfied for等等，虽然这样的错误看似无伤大雅，但在考官眼里就是影响顺畅阅读的，当然会影响最终成绩。解决的办法简单而古老：把常见的固定搭配牢记于心，问题 自然就解决了。

2、 “to”作为介词的误用

“to”最常见的用法是以动词不定式符号的形式出现的，所以同学们也已经习惯了“to do”的固定搭配。对于一些如walk to me， to the left等介词to表方向等常见用法一般也不会出现错误。但是对于与动词搭配的介词to就会经常犯错：

如：

More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them。

这里的‘take to’ means ‘to begin to do sth as a habit’其中‘to’为介词，所以后面只能接名词或相当于名词的词，如动名词。所以句中depend on 应改为“depending on”。“take to”的另一个常用用法也需要牢记：

He hasn’t taken to his new school. (这里‘take to’ means ‘to start liking sb or sth’)

Prefer A to B中的“to”也是介词，会有prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sth else，另外，“prefer to do sth rather than do sth”中的“to”可是真正的不定式符号。

类似的常用用法请同学们牢记：

Be used to doing

Adapt to doing

Adjust to doing

prefer doing sth. to doing sth。

Be accustomed to doing

See to doing

等等，请注意平时仔细积累。

雅思语法使用误区四、表“建议”的词汇后面忘记用虚拟从句

这是摘自学生雅思作文中的一个病句：

I suggest he continues his study instead of working after graduation from high school。

因为‘suggest’翻译为“建议”，所以后面的从句应该用虚拟语气，句中“continues”部分应该改为“(should) continue”。

在此，小编提醒您，一定要牢记以下常见表“建议”的词汇，而且要记住这些词接从句时要用虚拟语气：

Recommend， suggest， advise

雅思语法使用误区五、compare与contrast的误用

我们先从两者的定义入手来看两者的区别。 Compare的定义为：to examine people or things to see how they are similar or different. Contrast的定义为：to compare two or more things to show the difference between them。由定义不难看出前者侧重于找到两个或多个事物的异同，而后者则侧重于它们的不同。

看个例句：

It is interesting to compare their situations to ourshttps://www.engpx.com/yszx/It is interesting to contrast their situations to ours。

前一句翻译为：对比一下我们的情况与他们的情况会很有趣。

后一句的翻译为：我们的情况与他们的情况有很大的不同，这很有趣。

再看一个引自OXFORD ADBANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY的例子：

There is an obvious contrast between the culture of East and West。

The company lost $7 million in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier。

When you look at their new system， ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast。

不难发现，Compare翻译为“与。。。相比”而contrast可译为“明显不同的是。。。”，切记这种翻译方式就不会用错彼此了。

雅思对语法的要求二

1. 词汇;不管是在雅思阅读还是托福阅读，考查语言水平的一个基本方面就是词汇。而在雅思阅读当中，考生不仅仅需要一定量的词汇，而且在注重词汇的多样性，即同意转化。特别是考生在记一些雅思考试的高频词汇的时候，就更强调这个词相对应的英文同义词。总所周知，中英是有差异的。

2. 语法;语法和词汇一样是考查语言水平的一个基本方面。然后这个方面在雅思阅读考试中相对比较重要。

3. 题型;雅思的题型当然也就是雅思阅读的最重要的特点。考生只有熟知各个题型的特点，换句话说，考生只有了解游戏规则，才能成为最后的赢家。

雅思阅读的语法方面到底要注意哪几个方面呢?

一.长句的处理

总所周知，雅思阅读的三篇文章都比较长，而且单词也相对比较难。然后最让考生头

痛的就是几乎一半以上的句子都是长句。而所谓的对长句的处理就是指能清楚地知道这个长句的主干在是什么呢，基本上指的就是这个长句的主谓宾或主谓表是什么。这样的话，就大大减轻了考生的负担和压力。因为主干的单词往往都相对而言比较简单，并且，主干上的意思基本上就是作者的要表达的意义。当然，还有一个点是能弄懂长句的比较有立竿见影的好处就是出题者的出题特点。

我们先来看几个例子

1. 题目：Research completed in 1982 found that in the United States soil erosion……(C3T2P2)

A reduced the productivity of farmland by20 per cent

B was almost as severe as in India and China

C was causing significant damage to 20 per cent of farmland

D could be reduced by converting cultivated land to meadow or forest

原文：The United States, where the most careful measurements have been done, discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its farmland was losing topsoil at a rate likely to diminish the soil’s productivity.

很明显，原文是一个长句，而对于长句的处理就是找出主干，我们可以看出来，这个句子的主干是The United States discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its farmland was losing topsoil。所以答案就非常明显应该选择C。所以你会发现很多考生都会选的A项经过对此长句的分析，它根本就不在此长句的主干，也就是说这是对作者要表达的意思的补充说明。从这里我们可以看出，出题者对干扰项的出题思路，干扰项所在的位置都是定位句子的非主干部分。

2. 题目：Paragraph B How the port changes a city’s infrastructure (C2T2P3)

原文：Port cities become industrial, financial and service centers and political capitals because of their water connections and the urban concentration which arises there and later draws to it railway, highways and air routes. Water transport means cheap access, the chief basis of all port cities. Many of the world’s biggest cities, for example, London, New York, Shanghai, Istanbul, Buenos Aries, Tokyo, Jakarta, Calcutta, Philadelphia and San Francisco began as ports—that is, with land-sea exchange as their major function—but they have since grown disproportionately in other respects, so that their port functions are no longer dominant. They remain different kinds of places from non-port cities and their port functions account for that difference.

做这一道题的时候，考生只要知道出题者的出干扰项的思路，就不会选How the port changes a city’s infrastructure这个小标题。很多考生之所以会选这个答案，很大程度上是因为第一句：Port cities become industrial, financial and service centers and political capitals because of their water connections and the urban concentration which arises there and later draws to it railway, highways and air routes. city’s infrastructure想对应的就是railway, highways and air routes。然而我们可以看到这个长句的主干是：Port cities become industrial, financial and service centers and political capitals。故这个小标题是个干扰项。

3. 题目：Paragraph B Ottawa International Conference on Health Promotion

Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (C2T1P2)

原文：At the Ottawa Conference in 1986, a charter was developed which outlined new directions for health promotion based on the socio-ecological view of health. This charter, known as the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, remains as the backbone of health action today. In exploring the scope of health promotion it states that:

Good health is a major resource for social, economic and personal development and an important dimension of quality of life. Political, economica, social, cultural, environmental, behavioural and biological factors can all favour health or be harmful to it.(WHO, 1986)

The Ottawa Charter brings practical meaning and action to this broad notion of health promotion. It presents fundamental strategies and approaches in achieving health for all. The overall philosophy of health promotion which guides these fundamental strategies and approaches is one of ‘enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health’ (WHO, 1986).

同样的道理，我们之间看到，这里的第一句：At the Ottawa Conference in 1986, a charter was developed which outlined new directions for health promotion based on the socio-ecological view of health.这个句子的主干就是：a charter was developed。所以小标题中的Ottawa International Conference on Health Promotion 就是干扰项的常用的招数。

从以上的例子，我们可以发现出题者的出题特点，基本上，正确答案一定是主干上的同意转化，而干扰项上的答案都出自定语上。所以这也就是为什么烤鸭若能完全掌握长句的处理，短期内会有一定的提高。

二.时态

在雅思阅读中，时态所谓是阅读中最简单最显而易见的一个特殊点。所谓特殊点当然是指在一个普遍存在的现象中与众不同的一点。雅思阅读的文章都是学术类的文章，故此类文章基本上采用的就是一般现在时。因此，除了一般现在时的其他时态在阅读的题目中都非常地特殊。

我们先来看几个例子

1. 题目：Paragraph F: ii Who is planning what (C2T3P3)heading

原文：Around the world, the market is growing rapidly. Malaysia, for example, is preparing to equip all of its airports with biometric face of cash dispensers is developing new machines that incorporate iris scanner……

这是剑桥二的真题，这里出现了一个很特殊的时态—现在进行时。很明显，如果考生清楚雅思时态的特殊性的话，就会有一个正确的做题方向。

2. 题目：sensors (C6T1P1) classification

Aare currently exclusively used by Australians

Bwill be used in the future by Australians

Care currently used by both Australians and their rivals

原文：They are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete’s clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete’s ability to run.

这是剑桥六的真题，是分类。这里出现的特殊时态—将来时，所以考生做题就很明显分两类，定位后先看时态，如果是一般现在是或过去时，那答案就非A即C;如果定位到的地方是现在进行时和将来时，很明显答案是B。此外，在雅思考试中，涉及到将来时态的关键词还有in the future 和 long-term.等等。

3. 题目：a comparison of past and present transportation methods (C2T3P3) 段落细节matching

原文：C：Until a hundred years ago, most journeys were in the 20 km range, the distance conveniently accessible by horse. Heavy freight could only be carried by water or tail. The invention of the motor vehicle brought personal mobility to the masses and made rapid freight delivery possible over a much wider area….

这里出现的特殊时态是过去时，所以考生也很容易发现只有C自然段一开始就出现了过去时。此外，涉及过去时的关键词还有fomer, historical, past, previous等等。

三.连接词and, such as,冠词a, the 的使用

我们知道雅思阅读考试的核心是定位，当然这些虚词都无法帮助定位。但是这些虚词同样可以给考试一个比较好的做题方向。表示并列关系的and, or, as well as等等连接词，在定位的时候就可以用定位词和这种关系来精确定位。因为并列关系非常的简单且表明这两个词的关系非常地密切。

我们先来看几个例子。

题目：The territory of Nunavut consists of little more than ice, rock and a few…………(C6T1P3) summary

原文：Nunavut is 1.9 million square kilometers of rock and ice, and a handful of islands around the North Pole.

一看到and并列关系，所以这道题就很明显用ice, rock来定到位，然后就很明显和这两个词保持并列关系的是islands。

题目：For thousands of years they have had to rely on catching…………and…………as a means of sustenance. (C6T1P3) summary

原文：Human first settled in the Arctic a mere 4,5000 years ago, surviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish.

这道题也是非常的简单，要填的两个空是并列结构，而且有个很好的定位词thousands可以很快定到位，然后抄两个保持并列结构的名词。因此，答案应该是sea mammals, fish.

题目：In Britain, moreover, scientists worried that English has neither the…………nor the ……….to express their ideas. (C5T2P3) summary

原文：First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lacked the grammatical resources required to represent the word in an objective and impersonal way...

这一题的并列结构就有点略难了，因为这种并列结构是分布在两个句子里。所以基本上雅思中的丙类结构分两种，一种是直接用and, or, as well as，一种就是分布在两个连着的句子。

题目：Language problems may come to the attention of the public when they have………., such as fatal accidents or social problems. (C2T2P2) sentence completion

原文：Publicity comes only when a failure to communicate has major consequences, such as strikes, lost orders, legal problems, or fatal accidents- even , at times, war.

这里要强调的是这里要填的词和fatal accidents or social problems保持的是包含关系，和并列关系相区别下。只要注意一下，就可以知道答案就是major consequences。此外，表示包含关系的词还有for example, like, including.

题目：A genetic problem cannot be treated with drugs because strictly speaking it is not a ……….. (C2T4P3) sentence completion

原文：None of the single-gene disorders is a disease in the conventional sense, for which it would be possible to administer a curative drug….

有一点一定要记住，THE常有，A不常有。所以一旦用DRUG定到位后，可以非常迅速得找出A后面紧跟的名词。所以这道题的答案就是DISEASE.

题目：Johnson did not have a……. available to him, but eventually produced definitions of in excess of 40,000 words written down in 80 large notebooks. (C5T1P1) summary

原文：Filling about eighty large notebooks (and without a library to hand), Johnson wrote the definitions of over 40,000 words, and illustrated their many meanings with some 114,000 quotations draw from English writing on every subject, from the Elizabethans to his own time.

题目：As a reward for his hard work, he was granted a ………..by the king. (C5T1P1) summary

原文：The Dictionary, together with his other writing, made Johnson famous and so well esteemed that his friends were able to prevail upon King George III to offer him a pension.

这些例题的共同点就是所填的空之前有一个a，这里考生只要知道一点，你抄的单词基本上就定位到的地方的a的后面的词就对了。所以特别在指出的是一篇文章中的a是有限的，所以这也是一个特殊点。

雅思对语法的要求三

词汇不够请语法帮忙，这是一大应考技巧。雅思阅读对于词汇量要求较高。根据统计，雅思阅读要获得不错的成绩需要掌握5000多个单词，而且其中还以常见的动词、形容词语或名词为主(专有术语和专有名词往往对于解题和理解不会有太多的影响)。对于许多考生而言这在短期内是一个难以逾越的障碍。

在克服这点困难上，语法的作用主要体现在以下两个方面，第一，通过掌握语法中的词法部分，能够很好的帮助学生扩展词汇量。第二，即便是有某个单词不认识，对于语法有很好掌握的同学也可以利用词法或者句法知识，通过上下文来理解单词的含义。建议大家比较好参加一些雅思阅读培训的内容，希望对于大家的雅思阅读练习有所帮助，通过多做真题，慢慢掌握雅思阅读技巧。

遇到长句阅读主干，这是比较实用的技巧。雅思阅读的另一个难点是文章中的长句。在遇到长句的时候，如果对句子的每个部分都不加区分的阅读，既浪费时间，而且也很难快速抓住其主要含义。因此，在遇到长句时，考生要学会利用语法中的句法知识在阅读中学会抓住句子的主干部分，对其进行阅读，而对于句子的修饰补充说明成分可以略过不看。值得注意的是，尽管雅思的文章和句子往往都比较长，但是句子本身理解起来并不难，只要能够分析出主、谓、宾一般就能准确理解含义。

第三个技巧是运用英语杂志、网站的文风和常用词汇。仔细分析一下雅思高分考生可以发现，他们平时英文的阅读量非常大。有的是考前通读过多种雅思阅读资料，有的是过去读过TOEFL、GRE和GMAT的各类文章，有的是因为工作的需要每天上网快速阅读英文参考文献。所以，积累和扩大自己的英文阅读量，熟悉英语杂志、网站的常用词汇和文风，这是迈向高分的必经之路。建议考生争取每天阅读一定量的原版英文报刊、书籍，如Time、Reader'sDigest等，尤其注意其中的各类广告。

雅思对语法的要求四

句子的好坏主要取决于句子结构的准确性和丰富性，句子的长度和复杂性以及用语的逻辑性和正式性。

句子结构的准确性涉及主谓一致、句子平衡性等问题，比如：The main reason for this use of informal languages are various and complicated. 这个句子不细心的同学很难发现它有问题，因为主语太长有时会忽视真正的主语其实是the main reason，是个单数形式，所以are 应该改为is. 再比如：In my opinion, use mobile phones to send messages is more convenient than write letters. 这是个很典型的错误，很多同学在写作的过程当中会误把动词或动词短语当主语用而造成句子结构的错误，而只有动词的非谓语形式才能在句中充当主语或宾语，因此，此句正确的表达应该是：In my opinion, using mobile phones to send messages is more convenient than writing letters.

句子结构的丰富性也是考官给分的一个亮点，好的段落应该由不同的句式组成，而不应该是千篇一律的句子结构。例如：I have many hobbies. For example, I like movies, I like playing basketball and football, and I like singing and dancing. 很明显，该句完全由“I + do”结构组成且like使用的频率过高，我们不妨做如下修改：I have many hobbies. Movies, for example, are my favorite and I am also fond of playing basketball and football. Sometimes when staying with my friends, I’d prefer singing and dancing rather than any other way of amusement.

句子的长度和难度是很多考生追求的目标，其实并不需要每个句子都写得很长很复杂，相反，如果整篇文章都是长难句，考官也会觉得很厌烦，就像一个人喜欢吃红烧肉，如果你天天给他吃红烧肉，他也会觉得很腻味一样，因此比较好的方法就是长短句结合。

短句变长：即善用连接词and, but, or, yet, so等。例如：Living off campus is exciting. Living off campus is more independent. I prefer the convenience of living on campus. 不难看出，这是两种对立的观点，因此我们可以将其变为：Living off campus is exciting and more independent, but I prefer the convenience of living on campus.

还有比较重要的一点是不容忽视的，即用语的正式性和严谨性。实际上，在汉语中也有很多这样的例子，比如我们说：“这里人真多啊!”这就是一个典型的口语化的表达方式，而如果用“人山人海”、“车水马龙”、“摩肩接踵”等词来形容人多就是写作语言了。我们不妨看几个非正式用语的句子：Parents have to get kids food and other stuff. 此句中的kids和stuff就是两个非正式用语，如变成：Parents have to provide children with food and other necessities.就正式了。再如：People always say competitive sports are totally cool. 此句中的cool以及这个句式都是属于比较口语化的，应该变为：It is always said that competitive sports benefit us in several important ways.

以上就是语法的多样性和准确性的雅思写作评分标准的相关介绍，句子的好坏主要取决于句子结构的准确性和丰富性，句子的长度和复杂性以及用语的逻辑性和正式性。最后祝大家都能考出好成绩。